ORIGIN of the
ARABIC NUMERALS

Tables, Charts and illustrations

Demotic Inscriptions;  Rosetta Stone

Ancient Trade

Old Arabian Scenes

Ancient Arabian (Proto-Semitic) Numerals

Ancient Arabian Words

Numeral-shape Alphabetical Characters

The Arabic Quinary System

The Arabic Biquinary System

The Pictograms of the Arabic Numerals (non-positional)

Epigraphy and Inscriptions

Numeration System of the Middle East

Old South Arabian Numeral System

The Arabic Positional Numeration System

The Arabic numeral Pictograms (Eastern-Style)

The Arabic numeral Pictograms (Western-Style)

Arabic Manuscripts and Major Writing Styles  

Early Arabic Western-Style Numeral Forms in Europe      

Arabic numeral Forms and Variants

Evolvement of the Western-Style Arabic Numerals

Positional adjustments to Western-Style Arabic Pictograms

Western-Style Arabic numeral Pictograms and Forms

Origin of Western-Style Numeral Forms “4” and “5”.

Astrolabes and Early Western-Style Arabic Numerals

Jones, Colebrooke, Wilson, etc.,

After        20

After        42

After        79

160

161

174

180

184

186

186

197

198

202

After        205

After        205

After        245

After        270

280

306

309

310

311

After        311

316